Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allows non-invasive assessment of heart function and major blood vessels. Exercise alters vascular response and places additional load on the heart which can highlight abnormalities which are not apparent at rest. Due to the nature of the MRI scanner environment, it is technically difficult to combine exercise testing with MRI. These difficulties arise from the high magnetic fields inherent to MRI scanners and interference from electronic signals.
An exercise bicycle compatible with an MRI has been developed to allow patients with cardiovascular disease to exercise while in the scanner. Correspondingly specialised MR imaging procedures to capture cardiac information at elevated heart rates during exercise have been developed. These methods can be applied to assess cardiac function in patient groups with cardiovascular disease, both at rest and during exercise.
In a current clinical study we are particularly interested in arterial stiffness which is known to increase with age. Measuring this stiffness allows cardiologists to estimate a patient’s risk of cardiovascular disease and further understand cardiac function, disease progression and treatment outcomes.
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3. For each of the gradient shapes from questions 1 and 2, which instrumental parameter limits the minimal acquisition time that can be realized?
4. How would it be possible to realize spiral acquisitions with the same shape of the trajectory in a shorter time than either of the approaches from questions 1 and 2?
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